Population modification strategies based on transgenic mosquitoes carrying genes that prevent parasite transmission have a role in the malaria eradication agenda. They can consolidate elimination gains by providing barriers to parasite and competent vector reintroduction, and allow resources to be focused on new sites while providing confidence that treated areas will remain malaria-free. A promising strategy for combating malaria is based on harnessing gene drive systems to spread anti-malarial genes throughout mosquito populations rendering them unable to transmit the parasites. Strategic planning in selecting field-sites, engineered mosquito strains, trial designs and implementation strategies is needed to achieve a successful first field trial of this technology.